GLOSSARY | COMMON ABREVIATIONS | TRADEMARKS

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Decarburization
Loss of carbon from the surface of a ferrous alloy by heating in oxidizing/reducing atmosphere.

Deburring
Burr removal by filing, rolling or grinding.

Dish
A concave surface.

Drawing
1. Forming recessed parts by forcing the plastic flow of metals in a die. 2. Reducing the size or shape of a wire by pulling it through a series of smaller dies.

Drawn Product
A product formed by drawing.

Drill Rod
Annealed and polished hi-carbon tool steel rod.

Dropped Edge
A continuous downward edge deflection.

Ductility
The ability of a metal to be deformed without fracturing. Measured by elongation and reduction of area.

Earing
Wavy projections formed at the open end of a cup or shell in the course of deep drawing.

Eccentricity
Deviation from a common center.

Edging
The dressing of a metal strip, i.e. deburring.

Elastic Limit
Maximum stress to which material may be subjected to without permanent strain remaining.

Electrical Conductivity
The capacity of a material to conduct electric current.

Electrical Resistivity
The electrical resistance of metal.

Elongation
In tensile testing, the increase in gage length, measured before fracture of the specimen. Given in %.

Exfoliation
A type of corrosion that progresses approximately parallel to the outer surface of the metal, causing layers of the metal to be elevated by the corrosion.

Embossing
Raising or indenting a design in metal by passing the metal through rollers with a pattern.

Extrusion
Shaping metal by passing through series of dies.

Fatigue
The phenomenon leading to the fracture under repeated or fluctuating stress. Fatigue fractures are progressive and minute. Cracks grow under stress.

Fatigue Strength
The maximum stress that can be sustained for a specific number of cycles without failure.

Fiber Stress
Local stress through a small area on a section where the stress is not uniform, as a beam under load.

Fin Stock
Coiled sheet or foil in specific alloys, and tempers and tickness suitable to make fins for heat exchangers.

Ferralloy
An alloy of iron with a sufficient amount of some element or elements such as manganese, chrome or vanadium for use as a means of adding these elements to molten steel.

Ferrous
Iron based alloys.

Flakes
"Shatter cracks" or "snow flakes." Short discontinuous internal fissures in ferrous metals.

Flame Annealing
Softening the material by the application of heat from a high temperature flame.

Flutting
Kinking or breakage due to curving of a metal strip caused by stretching the material beyond its elastic limit.

Foil
Coil or sheet below the thickness of .006.

Forging
Plastically deforming metal, usually hot, into desired shapes with compressive force, with or without dies.

Fracture
Surface appearance when surface is broken.

Fracture Test
Breaking of the surface for examination of composition, grain size, case depth and the presence of defects.

Fractography
Descriptive treatment of fracture with specific reference to photographs of the fractured surface.

Free Machining
The machining characteristics of a metal to which an alloy has been added, to facilitate machining.

Fretting
Action that results in surface damage, especially in a corrosive environment, where there is relative motion between solid surfaces in contact under pressure.

Gages
Standard numbering system for decimals or diameters.

Galling
Damage to one or both metallic surfaces by removal of particles due to seizure during sliding motion.

Galvanic Corrosion
Corrosion associated with the current of a galvanic cell consisting of two dissimilar conductors in an electrolyte or two similar conductors in dissimilar electrolytes.

Grain
A many sided crystal consisting of groups of atoms, bound together in a regular geometric pattern. Usually the grain is reported only on one plain. The grain size is an indication of the ductility of the metal.

Grain Growth
An increase in crystal size as annealing temperature is increased.

Granular Fracture
A type of irregular surface produced when metal is broken. It is rough and grainy.

Graphitizing
Annealing a ferrous metal in a way that some or all of the carbon is precipitated as graphite.

Grinding Cracks
Shallow cracks caused by excessive heat caused in grinding or the sensitivity of the material.

Gun Drill
A drill usually with one or more flutes and with a coolant passage in the drill body, used for deep hole drilling.

Hard Drawing
Drawing metal wire through a die to reduce size and increase tensile strength, see Cold Work.

Hardness
The degree to which metal will resist cutting, bending, abrasion, stretching and penetration. There are many ways of measuring, i.e. Rockwell, Vickers, Brinell. Tensile strength is also a way of measuring hardness.

Hardenability
The property that determines the depth and distribution of hardness induced by quenching (ferrous only).

Hardening
Increasing the hardness usually by heating and cooling in a prescribed manner for the particular alloy.

Heat of Steel
The product of a single melting operation at the producing mill. The heat number identifies the melt.

Heat Affected Zone
The portion of the base metal which was not melted in brazing, welding or cutting, but whose microstructure and physical properties were affected by heat.

Heat Treatment
Changing the properties of a metal by subsequent heating and cooling.

Herringbone Streaks
Elongated alternate bright and dull markings at an angle to the rolling direction and having the appearance of a herringbone pattern.

Honing
Removing stock generally on the internal cylindrical workpiece with an abrasive stick mounted in a holder.

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